Naming and shaming

The tool implementer is an international governmental organization.

The country under study is an autocracy or authoritarian regime.

The tool implementer or other actors are simultaneously implementing other tools that are consistent with the goals of the tool.

The tool implementer (1) has a significant degree of relative power in the international system, (2) is a member of the “Permanent Five" (P5) countries on the UN Security Council, or (3) has significant leverage over the conflict parties.

There is a high degree of international support for the use of the tool, or the tool implementer coordinates with other international actors on the use of the tool.

The country under study (1) has a poorly-developed domestic justice infrastructure; (2) has few human rights organizations; or (3) has not ratified key human rights treaties.

The tool implementer is a media organization.

The tool implementer is a non-governmental organization.

The tool implementer is a foreign government.

The target has committed an extensive number of human rights violations in the conflict in which mass atrocities or closely-related outcomes are occurring.