Security assistance

We included the following 27 research reports in our review:

Beardsley, Kyle. "The Coevolution of Networks of Interstate Support, Interstate Threat, and Civil War," Working paper, June 19, 2024, SSRN, DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4178419.

Biddle, Stephen; Macdonald, Julia; Baker, Ryan. "Small footprint, small payoff: The military effectiveness of security force assistance," Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 41, no. 1-2 (2018): 89-142, DOI: 10.1080/01402390.2017.1307745.

Blanton, Shannon Lindsey. "Instruments of Security or Tools of Repression? Arms Imports and Human Rights Conditions in Developing Countries," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 36, no. 2 (1999): 233-244, https://www.jstor.org/stable/424671. 

Boutton, Andrew. "Military Aid, Regime Vulnerability and the Escalation of Political Violence," British Journal of Political Science, (first published 2019): 507-525, DOI: 10.1017/S000712341900022X. 

Bsisu, Naji; Murdie, Amanda. "Interventions and repression following civil conflict," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 59, no. 2 (2022), 213-228, DOI: 10.1177/00223433211010857.

Clayton, Govinda; Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv; Rustad, Siri A.; Strand, Håvard. "Costs and Cover: Explaining the Onset of Ceasefires in Civil Conflict," Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 67, no. 7-8 (2023), 1296-1324, DOI: 10.1177/00220027221129195.

Dube, Oeindrila; Naidu, Suresh. "Bases, Bullets, and Ballots: The Effect of US Military Aid on Political Conflict in Colombia," Journal of Politics, vol. 77, no. 1 (2015): 249-267, DOI: 10.1086/679021.

Fajardo-Heyward, Paola. "Understanding the Effect of Security Assistance on Human Rights: The Case of Plan Colombia," The Latin Americanist, vol. 59, no. 2 (2015): 3-27, https://muse.jhu.edu/article/705877/pdf. 

Fauconnet, Cécile; Malizard, Julien; Pietri, Antoine. French arms exports and intrastate conflicts: An empirical investigation, 2017, https://afse2017.sciencesconf.org/143429/Fauconnet_Malizard_Pietri_2017.pdf. 

Hein, Patrick. "The patterns of Chinese authoritarian patronage and implications for foreign policy: Lessons from Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Cambodia," Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, vol. 4, no. 5 (2020): 385-399, DOI: 10.1177/2057891119878517. 

Jadoon, Amira. "Persuasion and Predation: The Effects of U.S. Military Aid and International Development Aid on Civilian Killings," Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, vol. 41, no. 10 (2018): 776-800, DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2017.1353355.

Jadoon, Amira. "Playing dirty to survive: the vulnerability of civilian targets within U.S. military aid recipient states," Small Wars and Insurgencies, vol. 30, no. 3 (2019): 587-614, DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2019.1601865.

Karlén, Niklas. "The legacy of foreign patrons: External state support and conflict recurrence," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 54, no. 4 (2017): 499-512, DOI: 10.1177/0022343317700465.

Ladwig III, Walter C. "Influencing Clients in Counterinsurgency," International Security, vol. 41, no. 1 (2016): 99-146, DOI: 10.1162/ISEC_a_00251.

Maekawa, Wakako. "External intelligence assistance and the recipient government’s violence against civilians," Conflict Management and Peace Science, vol. 40, no. 5 (2022), 511-532, DOI: 10.1177/07388942221129047.

McCoy, Katherine E. "Trained to Torture? The Human Rights Effects of Military Training at the School of the Americas," Latin American Perspectives, vol. 32, no. 6 (2005): 47-64, DOI: 10.1177/0094582X05281113. 

Mehrl, Marius; Thurner, Paul W. "Military Technology and Human Loss in Intrastate Conflict: The Conditional Impact of Arms Imports," Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 64, no. 6 (2020): 1172-1196, DOI: 10.1177/0022002719893446.

Moore, Matthew. "Selling to Both Sides: The Effects of Major Conventional Weapons Transfers on Civil War Severity and Duration," International Interactions, vol. 38, no. 3 (2012): 325-347, DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2012.676511.

Norrevik, Sara; Sarwari, Mehwish. "Third-party regime type and civil war duration," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 58, no. 6 (2021), 1256-1270, DOI: 10.1177/0022343320975819.

Nwokoye, Agary Ndubuisi. "The Military and Diplomatic Intervention of Regional and Global Powers in the Syrian War and the Failure to Restore Peace and Security in the Middle East," Nigerian Journal of Social Development, vol. 11, no. 1 (2023), 71-83, https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ngjsd/article/view/260109.

O'Mahony, Angela; Priebe, Miranda; Frederick, Bryan; Kavanagh, Jennifer; Lane, Matthew; Johnston, Trevor; Szayna, Thomas S; Hlavka, Jakub P; Watts, Stephen; Povlock, Matthew. U.S. Presence and the Incidence of Conflict, RAND Corporation, 2018, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1906.html.

Pamp, Oliver; Rudolph, Lukas; Thurner, Paul W.; Mehltretter, Andreas; Primus, Simon. "The Build-up of Coercive Capacities: Arms Imports and the Outbreak of Violent Intrastate Conflicts," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 55, no. 4 (2018): 430-444, DOI: 10.1177/0022343317740417.

Radziszewski, Elizabeth; Akcinaroglu, Seden. "Private military & security companies, conflict complexity, and peace duration: an empirical analysis," Small Wars and Insurgencies, vol. 31, no. 7-8 (2020): 1415-1440, DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2020.1784500.

Sawyer, Katherine; Cunningham, Kathleen Gallagher; Reed, William. "The Role of External Support in Civil War Termination," 2015, http://www.kathleengallaghercunningham.com/uploads/4/5/5/8/45589607/jcr_finalversion_wnames.pdf. 

Sullivan, Patricia L. "Lethal Aid and Human Security: The Effects of US Security Assistance on Civilian Harm in Low- and Middle-Income Countries," Conflict Management and Peace Science, vol. 40, no. 5 (2023), 467-488, DOI: 10.1177/07388942231155161.

Sullivan, Patricia L.; Blanken, Leo J.; Rice, Ian C. "Arming the Peace: Foreign Security Assistance and Human Rights Conditions in Post-Conflict Countries," Defence and Peace Economics (2018): 1-33, DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2018.1558388. 

Watts, Stephen; Johnston, Trevor; Lane, Matthew; Mann, Sean; McNerney, Michael J; Brooks, Andrew. Building Security in Africa: An Evaluation of U.S. Security Sector Assistance in Africa from the Cold War to the Present, RAND Corporation, 2018, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2447.html.