Support to Non-State Armed Groups

We included the following 17 research reports in our review:

Aydin, Aysegul; Regan, Patrick M. "Networks of third-party interveners and civil war duration," European Journal of International Relations, vol. 18, no. 3 (2011): 573-597, DOI: 10.1177/1354066111403515.

Collier, Paul; Hoeffler, Anke; Soderbom, Mans. "On the Duration of Civil War," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 41, no. 3 (2004): 253-273, DOI: 10.1177/0022343304043769.

Fortna, Virginia Page; Lotito, Nicholas J.; Rubin, Michael A. "Don’t Bite the Hand that Feeds: Rebel Funding Sources and the Use of Terrorism in Civil Wars," International Studies Quarterly, vol. 62 (2018): 782-794, DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqy038.

Grant, Keith A.; Kaussler, Bernd. "The battle of Aleppo: external patrons and the victimization of civilians in civil war," Small Wars & Insurgencies, vol. 31, no. 1 (2020): 1-33, DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2020.1672959. 

Hoekstra, Quint. "The effect of foreign state support to UNITA during the Angolan War (1975-1991)," Small Wars and Insurgencies, vol. 29, no. 5-6 (2018): 981-1005, DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2018.1519312.

Jones, Benjamin T. "Altering capabilities or imposing costs? Intervention strategy and civil war outcomes," International Studies Quarterly, vol. 61, no. 1 (2017): 52-63, DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqw052.

Karlén, Niklas. "The legacy of foreign patrons: External state support and conflict recurrence," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 54, no. 4 (2017): 499-512, DOI: 10.1177/0022343317700465.

Moore, Matthew. "Selling to Both Sides: The Effects of Major Conventional Weapons Transfers on Civil War Severity and Duration," International Interactions, vol. 38, no. 3 (2012): 325-347, DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2012.676511.

Norrevik, Sara; Sarwari, Mehwish. "Third-party regime type and civil war duration," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 58, no. 6 (2021), 1256-1270, DOI: 10.1177/0022343320975819.

Petrova, Marina G. "What Matters Is Who Supports You: Diaspora and Foreign States as External Supporters and Militants’ Adoption of Nonviolence," Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 63, no. 9 (2019): 2155-2179, DOI: 10.1177/0022002719826645.

Roberts, Jordan. "Targeting and Resistance: Reassessing the Effect of External Support on the Duration and Outcome of Armed Conflict," Civil Wars, vol. 21, no. 3 (2019): 362-384, DOI: 10.1080/13698249.2019.1648631.

Salehyan, Idean; Siroky, David; Wood, Reed M. "External Rebel Sponsorship and Civilian Abuse: A Principal-Agent Analysis of Wartime Atrocities," International Organization, vol. 68, no. 3 (2014): 633-661, DOI: 10.1017/S002081831400006X.

Sawyer, Katherine; Cunningham, Kathleen Gallagher; Reed, William. "The Role of External Support in Civil War Termination," Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 61, no. 6 (2015): 1174-1202, DOI: 10.1177/0022002715600761.

Stein, Arthur. "Committed sponsors: external support overtness and civilian targeting in civil wars," European Journal of International Relations, vol. 28, no. 2 (2022), 386-416, DOI: 10.1177/13540661221084870.

Testerman, Matthew. "Removing the crutch: External support and the dynamics of armed conflict," Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, vol. 38, no. 7 (2015): 529-542, DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2015.1016312.

Wood, Reed M. "Opportunities to kill or incentives for restraint? Rebel capabilities, the origins of support, and civilian victimization in civil war," Conflict Management and Peace Science, vol. 31, no. 5 (2014): 461-480, DOI: 10.1177/0738894213510122.

Wood, Reed M. "Rebel capability and strategic violence against civilians," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 47, no. 5 (2010): 601-614, DOI: 10.1177/0022343310376473.