Mediation

We included the following 88 research reports in our review:

Aduda, Levke; Bussmann, Margit. "Mediation and the Dynamics of Civilian Victimisation in Intrastate Conflicts in Africa," Civil Wars, vol. 22, no. 1 (2020): 64-86, DOI: 10.1080/13698249.2020.1703078.

Afako, Barney. Between Revulsion and Realism: Policies and Dilemmas in Responding to the LRA, Institute for Integrated Transitions, 2020, https://ifit-transitions.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Uganda-Between-Revulsion-and-Realism-Policies-and-Dilemmas-in-Responding-to-the-LRA.pdf.  

Aguswandi; Large, Judith, ed. Reconfiguring politics: the Indonesia-Aceh peace process, Conciliation Resources, 2008, https://www.c-r.org/accord/reconfiguring-politics-indonesia-aceh-peace-process.

Babbitt, Eileen F. "Mediation and the Prevention of Mass Atrocities" in Serrano, Monica; Weiss, Thomas, ed. International Politics of Human Rights: Rallying to the R2P Cause?, Routledge, 2014.

Beardsley, Kyle; Cunningham, David E.; White, Peter B. "Mediation, Peacekeeping, and the Severity of Civil War," Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 63, no. 7 (2019): 1682-1709, DOI: 10.1177/0022002718817092.

Beber, Bernd. "International Mediation, Selection Effects, and the Question of Bias," Conflict Management and Peace Science, vol. 29, no. 4 (2012): 397-424, DOI: 10.1177/0738894212449091.

Bercovitch, Jacob; Anagnoson, J. Theodore; Wille, Donnette L. "Some Conceptual Issues and Empirical Trends in the Study of Successful Mediation in International Relations," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 28, no. 1 (1991): 17-7, DOI: 10.1177/0022343391028001003.

Bercovitch, Jacob; DeRouen, Karl, Jr. "Mediation in Internationalized Ethnic Conflicts: Assessing the Determinants of a Successful Process," Armed Forces & Society, vol. 30, no. 2 (2004): 147-170, DOI: /10.1177/0095327X0403000202.

Bercovitch, Jacob; DeRouen, Karl, Jr. "Managing Ethnic Civil Wars: Assessing the Determinants of Successful Mediation," Civil Wars, vol. 7, no. 1 (2005): 98-116, DOI: 10.1080/13698280500074453.

Bercovitch, Jacob; Diehl, Paul F. "Conflict management of enduring rivalries: The frequency, timing, and short term impact of mediation," International Interactions, vol. 22, no. 4 (1997): 299-320, DOI: 10.1080/0305062970843489.

Böhmelt, Tobias. "The effectiveness of tracks of diplomacy strategies in third-party interventions," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 47, no. 2 (2010): 167-178, DOI: 10.1177/0022343309356488.

Breslawski, Jori; Cunningham, David E.; Fleishman, Madeline. "Regional Organizations and Conflict Management," 2022, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4239908. 

Brubaker, Rebecca; with contributions from Akhilesh Upadhyay. Breaking the Mold: Lessons from Sixteen Years of Innovative UN Political Engagement in Nepal, International Peace Institute, 2021, https://www.ipinst.org/2021/02/lessons-from-sixteen-years-of-innovative-un-political-engagement-in-nepal. 

Clayton, Govinda; Dorussen, Han. "The effectiveness of mediation and peacekeeping for ending conflict," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 59, no. 2 (2022), 150-165, DOI: 10.1177/0022343321990076. 

Clayton, Govinda. "Oil, relative strength and civil war mediation," Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 51, no. 3 (2016): 325-344, DOI: 10.1177/0010836715610596.

Clayton, Govinda. "Relative rebel strength and the onset and outcome of civil war mediation," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 50, no. 5 (2013): 609-622, DOI: 10.1177/0022343313491587.

Crescenzi, Mark J.C.; Kadera, Kelly M; Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin; Thyne, Clayton L. "A Supply Side Theory of Mediation," International Studies Quarterly, vol. 55, no. 4 (2011): 1069-1094, DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00681.x.

De Maio, Jennifer; Favretto, Katja. "Diverse interests facilitate conflict mediation in international crises," Cooperation and Conflict, vol. 53, no. 1 (2018): 118-135, DOI: 10.1177/0010836717716723.

Dell'Aguzzo, Loretta. "Conditions for Successful Multiparty Mediation in Separatist Armed Conflicts: A Fuzzy-Set Analysis," Civil Wars, vol. 20, no. 1 (2018): 109-133, DOI: 10.1080/13698249.2018.1466091.

DeRouen, Karl, Jr.; Möller, Frida. "The Short-Term Effects of Mediation on Low-Intensity Civil Wars," Negotiation Journal, vol. 29, no. 4 (2013): 413-438, DOI: 10.1111/nejo.12035.

DeRouen, Karl, Jr.; Chowdhury, Ishita. "Mediation, Peacekeeping And Civil War Peace Agreements," Defence and Peace Economics, vol. 29, no. 2 (2018): 130-146, DOI: 10.1080/10242694.2016.1173439.

Diehl, Paul F; Owsiak, Andrew P; Goertz, Gary. "Managing the Dual Faces of International–Civil Militarized Conflict (I-CMC): The Interstate Dimension," Global Studies Quarterly, vol. 2, no. 3 (2022), ksac020, DOI: 10.1093/isagsq/ksac020. 

Duursma, Allard. "African Solutions to African Challenges: Explaining the Role of Legitimacy in Mediating Civil Wars in Africa," International Organization, vol. 74 (2020): 295-330, DOI: 10.1017/S0020818320000041.

Duursma, Allard. "Making disorder more manageable: The short-term effectiveness of local mediation in Darfur," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 58, no. 3 (2020): 554-567, DOI: 10.1177/0022343319898241.

Duursma, Allard. "Non-state conflicts, peacekeeping, and the conclusion of local agreements," Peacebuilding, vol. 10, no. 2 (2022), 138-155, DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2032946. 

Duursma, Allard. "Not All Ceasefires Are Created Equal: The Role of Third Party Manipulation in Sudan’s Major Ceasefire Agreements," International Negotiation, vol. 26, no. 3 (2021), 423-452, DOI: 10.1163/15718069-BJA10024. 

Duursma, Allard. "Partnering to Make Peace: The Effectiveness of Joint African and Non-African Mediation Efforts," International Peacekeeping, vol. 24, no. 4 (2017): 590-615, DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2017.1345312.

Duursma, Allard. "Peacekeeping, Mediation, and the Conclusion of Local Ceasefires in Non-State Conflicts," Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 67, no. 7-8 (2022), 1405-1429, DOI: 10.1177/00220027221148132. 

Duursma, Allard. "When to Get Out of the Trench? Using Smart Pressure to Resolve Civil Wars," Civil Wars, vol. 19, no. 1 (2017): 46-64, DOI: 10.1080/13698249.2017.1342440.

Egel, Daniel; Johnston, Trevor; Rhoades, Ashley L.; Robinson, Eric. Building an Enduring Peace in Yemen: Lessons from Five Years of RAND Research, RAND Corporation, 2021, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research\_reports/RRA733-1.html. 

Favretto, Katja. "Should Peacemakers Take Sides? Major Power Mediation, Coercion, and Bias," American Political Science Review, vol. 103, no. 2 (2009): 248-263, DOI: 10.1017/S0003055409090236.

Fontana, Giuditta; Siewert, Markus B.; Yakinthou, Christalla. "Managing War-to-Peace Transitions after Intra-State Conflicts: Configurations of Successful Peace Processes," Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, vol. 15, no. 1 (2021), 25-47, DOI: 10.1080/17502977.2020.1770479.

Frazier, Derrick V.; Dixon, William J. "Third-Party Intermediaries and Negotiated Settlements, 1946-2000," International Interactions, vol. 32, no. 4 (2006): 385-408, DOI: 10.1080/03050620601011057.

Gartner, Scott Sigmund; Bercovitch, Jacob. "Overcoming Obstacles to Peace: The Contribution of Mediation to Short-Lived Conflict Settlements," International Studies Quarterly, vol. 50, no. 4 (2006): 819-840, DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2478.2006.00427.x.

Greig, J. Michael. "Helping without hurting: ameliorating the negative effects of humanitarian assistance on civil wars through mediation," International Interactions, vol. 47, no. 1 (2021), 79-106, DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2020.1814763. 

Guliyev, Farid; Gawrich, Andrea. "OSCE mediation strategies in Eastern Ukraine and Nagorno-Karabakh: a comparative analysis," European Security, vol. 30, no. 4 (2021), 569-588, DOI: 10.1080/09662839.2021.1900121.

Gurses, Mehmet; Rost, Nicolas; McLeod, Patrick. "Mediating Civil War Settlements and the Duration of Peace," International Interactions, vol. 34, no. 2 (2008): 129-155, DOI: 10.1080/03050620802043362.

Hinnebusch, Raymond; Zartman, I William; Parker-Magyar, Elizabeth; Imady, Omar. UN Mediation in the Syrian Crisis: From Kofi Annan to Lakhdar Brahimi, International Peace Institute, 2016, https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/IPI-Rpt-Syrian-Crisis2.pdf.

Hoglund, Kristine; Svensson, Isak. "Mediating between tigers and lions: Norwegian peace diplomacy in Sri Lanka's civil war," Contemporary South Asia, vol. 17, no. 2 (2009): 175-191, DOI: 10.1080/09584930902870792.

Hudáková, Zuzana. "Success in the Shadow of Failure: UN Mediation in Yemen (2011–2015)," International Negotiation, vol. 27, no. 1 (2021), 71-102, DOI: 10.1163/15718069-bja10042.

Hultman, Lisa. "Mediation and the prevention of violence against civilians" in Wilkenfeld, Jonathan; Beardsley, Kyle; Quinn, David, ed. Research Handbook on Mediating International Crises, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019.

Ifediora, Obinna F. "Formulative Strategy: Why the African Union-led International Mediation in South Sudan Failed to Prevent Atrocity Crimes," International Studies Perspectives, vol. 22, no. 3 (2021), 301-320, DOI: 10.1093/isp/ekaa019.

Juma, Monica Kathina. "African mediation of the Kenyan post-2007 election crisis," Journal of Contemporary African Studies, vol. 27, no. 3 (2009): 407-430, DOI: 10.1080/02589000903187016.

Kane, Sean William. "Making Peace When the Whole World Has Come to Fight: The Mediation of Internationalized Civil Wars," International Peacekeeping, (2020): 1-27, DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2020.1760718.

Kanyinga, Karuti. "Stopping a Conflagration: The Response of Kenyan Civil Society to the Post-2007 Election Violence," Politikon, vol. 38, no. 1 (2011): 85-109, DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2011.548672.

Kapshuk, Yoav; Deitch, Mora. "Religion, peace and justice: the effects of transitional justice on religious armed conflict resolution," Peacebuilding, vol. 11, no. 1 (2022), 78-103, DOI: 10.1080/21647259.2022.2065791.

Kartsonaki, Argyro; Wolff, Kartsonaki; Fontana, Giuditta. Mechanisms for Dialogue: A Contribution to Preventing Civil War Recurrence, US Institute of Peace, 2022, https://www.usip.org/publications/2022/11/mechanisms-dialogue-contribution-preventing-civil-war-recurrence.

Keels, Eric; Michael, Greig J. "Reputation and the occurrence and success of mediation in civil wars," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 56, no. 3 (2019): 410-424, DOI: 10.1177/0022343318811430.

Keels, Eric. "The Importance of Being Earnest (in Mediation): Rebel Group Structure, Leadership Turnover, and Success in Civil War Mediation," International Negotiation, vol. 24, no. 2 (2019): 266, DOI: 10.1163/15718069-24011171.

Kemper, Barbara. Mediation in Intrastate Conflicts: The Contribution of Track-Two Mediation Activities to Prevent Violence in the Aceh Conflict, Institute for Development and Peace, INEF, 2007, https://www.uni-due.de/imperia/md/content/inef/report88.pdf. 

Khadiagala, Gilbert M. "Mediating Civil Conflicts in Eastern Africa," Politeia, vol. 24, no. 3 (2005): 295-314, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235410658_Mediating_Civil_Conflicts_in_Eastern_Africa. 

Kishi, Roudabeh; Quinn, David; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan; Gelfand, Michele. "Mediator identity in intrastate African crises" in Research Handbook on Mediating International Crises, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019.

Koç, Ezgi Nur. "Kenya and Guinea: Preventive Strategies in R2P" in Gözen Ercan, Pinar, ed. The Responsibility to Protect Twenty Years On: Rhetoric and Implementation, Springer International Publishing, 2022.

Kuperman, Alan J. "The Other Lesson of Rwanda: Mediators Sometimes Do More Damage," SAIS Review, vol. 16, no. 1 (1996), https://muse.jhu.edu/article/30296. 

Kuperman, Alan J. "Moral hazard in Sudan’s ‘Two Areas’ – humanitarianism that perpetuates civil war," Conflict, Security & Development, vol. 22, no. 1 (2022), 47-77, DOI: 10.1080/14678802.2022.2034367.

Kuperman, Alan J. "Muscular Mediation and Ripeness Theory," Ethnopolitics, vol. 21, no. 2 (2021), 163-177, DOI: 10.1080/17449057.2022.2004777.

Lukichev, Vladimir. Armed Conflict in Ukraine - Chronological Timeline of Implementation of the Minsk Agreements, DCAF – Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance, 2022, https://www.dcaf.ch/armed-conflict-ukraine-chronological-timeline-implementation-minsk-agreements. 

Lundgren, Magnus; Svensson, Isak. "Leanings and Dealings: Exploring Bias and Trade Leverage in Civil War Mediation by International Organizations," International Negotiation, vol. 19, no. 2 (2014): 315-342, DOI: 10.1163/15718069-12341280.

Lundgren, Magnus. "Causal mechanisms in civil war mediation: Evidence from Syria," European Journal of International Relations, vol. 26, no. 1 (2020): 209-235, DOI: 10.1177/1354066119856084.

Lundgren, Magnus. "Mediation in Syria: initiatives, strategies, and obstacles, 2011-2016," Contemporary Security Policy, vol. 37, no. 2 (2016): 273-288, DOI: 10.1080/13523260.2016.1192377.

Lundgren, Magnus. "Which type of international organizations can settle civil wars?," The Review of International Organizations, vol. 12 (2017): 613-641, DOI: 10.1007/s11558-016-9253-0.

Mancini, Francesco; Vericat, José. Lost in Transition: UN Mediation in Libya, Syria, and Yemen, International Peace Institute, 2016, https://www.ipinst.org/2016/11/lost-in-transition-un-mediation-in-libya-syria-and-yemen.

Marandici, Ion. "Structural bias, polarized mediation and conflict resolution failure: a comparative examination of the disputes in Transnistria and Donbas," Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, vol. 23, no. 1 (2022), 89-113, DOI: 10.1080/14683857.2022.2101188.

Massey, Simon. "Multi-party Mediation in the Guinea-Bissau Civil War" in May, Roy; Furley, Oliver, ed. Ending Africa's Wars: Progressing to Peace, Routledge, 2006.

Mehrl, Marius; Böhmelt, Tobias. "How mediator leadership transitions influence mediation effectiveness," Conflict Management and Peace Science, vol. 38, no. 1 (2020): 45-62, DOI: 10.1177/0738894220916833.

Murray, Elizabeth; Susan Stigant, eds. National Dialogues in Peacebuilding and Transitions: Creativity and Adaptive Thinking, US Institute of Peace, 2021, https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/06/national-dialogues-peacebuilding-and-transitions-creativity-and-adaptive. 

Novosseloff, Dr. Alexandra. Assessing the Effectiveness of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) and The Office of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus (OSASG), Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 2021, https://effectivepeaceops.net/publication/assessing-effectiveness-of-unficyp-and-osasg/. 

Olson Lounsbery, Marie; DeRouen, Karl, Jr. "The viability of civil war peace agreements," Civil Wars, vol. 18, no. 3 (2016): 311-337, DOI: 10.1080/13698249.2016.1215637.

Olson, Marie; Pearson, Frederic S. "Civil war characteristics, mediators, and resolution," Conflict Resolution Quarterly, vol. 19, no. 4 (2007): 421-445, DOI: 10.1002/crq.3890190404.

Pospieszna, Paulina; DeRouen, Karl, Jr. "Civil War Mediation and Rebel Use of Violence Against Civilians," Armed Forces and Society, vol. 43, no. 3 (2017): 500-522, DOI: 10.1177/0095327X16647538.

Pou, Sothirak; Murg, Bradley; Pich, Charadine. The Paris Peace Agreements in 2021: Looking Back and Moving Forward, Stimson Center, 2021, https://www.stimson.org/2021/the-paris-peace-agreements-in-2021-looking-back-and-moving-forward/. 

Quinn, David; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan; Eralp Pelin; Asal, Victor; Mclauchlin, Theodore. "Crisis managers but not conflict resolvers: Mediating ethnic intrastate conflict in Africa," Conflict Management and Peace Science, vol. 30, no. 4 (2013): 387-406, DOI: 10.1177/0738894213491352.

Regan, Patrick M.; Frank, Richard W.; Aydin, Aysegul. "Diplomatic Interventions and Civil War: A New Dataset," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 46, no. 1 (2009): 135-146, DOI: 0.1177/0022343308098408.

Regan, Patrick M.; Stam, Allan C. "In the Nick of Time: Conflict Management, Mediation Timing, and the Duration of Interstate Disputes," International Studies Quarterly, vol. 44, no. 2 (2000): 239-260, DOI: 10.1111/0020-8833.00157.

Reid, Lindsay. "Finding a Peace that Lasts: Mediator Leverage and the Durable Resolution of Civil Wars," The Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 61, no. 7 (2017): 1401-1431, DOI: 10.1177/0022002715611231.

Ross, Nicholas. "A Representative Peace? Opposition Political Parties in Peace Negotiations," International Negotiation, vol. 24, no. 1 (2019): 7-37, DOI: 10.1163/15718069-24011179.

Ruhe, Constantin; Volg, Iris. "Sticks and carrots for peace: The effect of manipulative mediation strategies on post-conflict stability," Research & Politics, vol. 8, no. 2 (2021), DOI: 10.1177/20531680211018368.

Ruhe, Constantin. "Impeding fatal violence through third-party diplomacy: The effect of mediation on conflict intensity," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 58, no. 4 (2021), 687-701, DOI: 10.1177/0022343320930072. 

Schneider, Gerald; Pospieszna, Paulina. "Dispute or Mediator? The Selection and Effectiveness of Conflict Management in Civil Wars," Przegląd Strategiczny, no. 10 (2017): 133-156, DOI: 10.14746/ps.2017.1.7.

Stefan, Cristina G. "Lessons in Atrocity Prevention: A Closer Look at Guinea," Journal of International Peacekeeping, vol. 24, no. 3-4 (2021), 367-401, DOI: 10.1163/18754112-24030005.

Svensson, Isak. "Bargaining, Bias and Peace Brokers: How Rebels Commit to Peace," Journal of Peace Research, vol. 44, no. 2 (2007): 177-194, DOI: 10.1177/0022343307075121.

Terris, Lesley G.; Tykocinski, Orit E. "Agents of peace or enablers of violence? The proximal effects of mediators in international disputes," International Interactions, vol. 48, no. 1 (2021), 1-22, DOI: 10.1080/03050629.2021.1977637.

Van Veen, Erwin; Pellise, Alba Di Pietrantonio; Ezzeddine, Nancy; Napolitano, Paolo. Band-aids, not bullets: EU policies and interventions in the Syrian and Iraqi civil wars. Clingendael, 2021, https://www.clingendael.org/pub/2021/eu-relevance-in-the-syrian-and-iraqi-civil-wars/. 

Vericat, José S.; Hobrara, Mosadek. From the Ground Up: UN Support to Local Mediation in Libya, International Peace Institute, 2018, https://www.ipinst.org/2018/06/un-support-to-local-mediation-libya. 

Vukovic, Sinisa. "Coping with Complexity: Analyzing Cooperation and Coordination in Multiparty Mediation Processes," International Negotiation, vol. 17, no. 2 (2012): 265-293, DOI: 10.1163/157180612X651449.

Vullers, Johannes; Destradi, Sandra. "Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Golden? The Consequences of Failed Mediation in Civil Wars," Civil Wars, vol. 15, no. 4 (2013): 486-507, DOI: 10.1080/13698249.2013.853416.

Wiegand, Krista; Rowland, Erin; Keels, Eric. "Third-party knowledge and success in civil war mediation," The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, vol. 23, no. 1 (2020): 21-3, DOI: 10.1177/1369148120930674.

Wight, Patrick. "Epilogue of a Short-Lived Land Rush: Private, Rural, and Urban Land Tenure in South Sudan" in The Transnational Land Rush in Africa, Palgrave Macmillan, 2021.​​